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NEW QUESTION # 48
Wet H²S services or _________ acid services are process where hydrogen diffuses into the steel and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is an issue.
- A. Caustic
- B. HCL
- C. HF
- D. Sulfuric
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following can cause hydrogen embrittlement of carbon steel?
- A. Welding with wet electrodes
- B. High-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA)
- C. Cleaning and pickling in caustic solutions
- D. Improper postweld heat treatment (PWHT)
Answer: D
Explanation:
API RP 571 defines Hydrogen Embrittlement as:
"Improper PWHT can trap hydrogen within the microstructure of carbon steel or fail to relieve residual stresses, both of which increase the risk of hydrogen embrittlement."
"Moisture in electrodes contributes to hydrogen-induced cracking, but embrittlement from atomic hydrogen is more directly tied to heat treatment and microstructure." Thus, option D is the most accurate.
NEW QUESTION # 50
__________ testing is the best method to determine the susceptibility of a material to hydrogen stress cracking.
- A. SWUT
- B. Acoustic
- C. AUT
- D. Hardness
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 51
The extent and depth of decarburization is a function of temperature and ______.
- A. Pressure
- B. Material properties
- C. Velocity
- D. Exposure time
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 52
Heat treatment can have a significant effect on the toughness and hence fatigue resistance of a metal. In general, ________ grained microstructures tend to perform better than _________ grained.
- A. Fine, Course
- B. Martensitic, austenetic
- C. Austenetic, martensitic
- D. Course, Fine
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 53
With sulfuric acid corrosion, mix points with _______ cause heat to be released and high corrosion rates can occur where the acid becomes diluted.
- A. Caustic
- B. H²S
- C. Hydrogen
- D. Water
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 54
Titanium should not be used in known hydriding services such as _____ or ______.
- A. Amine, sour water
- B. Caustic, amine
- C. Sour water, Alkylation
- D. All of the above
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 55
__________ is a change in the microstructure of certain carbon steels and 0.5 Mo steels after long term operation in the 800(o) F to 1100(o) F range.
- A. Creep
- B. Softening
- C. Temper Embrittlement
- D. Graphitization
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 56
At high temperatures, metal components can slowly and continuously deform under load below the yield strength. This time dependent deformation of stressed components is known as _______?
- A. Ductility
- B. Softening
- C. Creep
- D. Hardening
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 57
Which material below is not susceptible to caustic corrosion?
- A. Carbon steel
- B. Low alloy steel
- C. 400 Series SS
- D. 300 Series SS
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 58
Which of the following is not a major factor associated with corrosion by sulfidation?
- A. Sulfur content
- B. Operating pressure
- C. Operating temperature
- D. Alloy composition
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 59
Steel hardness, __________ and stress are critical factors in causing hydrogen stress cracking.
- A. Temperature
- B. Strength
- C. Alloy composition
- D. None of the above
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 60
For pressure vessels, inspection should focus on welds of ________ operating in the creep range.
- A. Carbon steel
- B. Stainless steel
- C. CrMo alloys
- D. Low hydrogen electrodes
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 61
__________ testing is the best method to determine the susceptibility of a material to hydrogen stress cracking.
- A. SWUT
- B. Acoustic
- C. AUT
- D. Hardness
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 62
The amplitude and frequency of vibration as well as the _________ of the components are critical factors in vibration-induced fatigue.
- A. Fatigue resistance
- B. Temperature
- C. Material properties
- D. Velocity
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 63
Which of the following materials are susceptible to polythionic acid SCC?
- A. Alloy 800
- B. Alloy 600
- C. All of the above
- D. 300 Series SS
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 64
For exchangers where the cooling water chemistry is poorly maintained, what can be done to improve corrosion resistance?
- A. Upgrade the metallurgy of the exchanger
- B. Increase the process side temperature above 212°F (100°C)
- C. Increase the tube diameter
- D. Lower the water velocity
Answer: A
Explanation:
From API RP 571, under Cooling Water Corrosion:
"If proper water treatment is not feasible or consistently maintained, upgrading the metallurgy of exchanger tubes to more corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or titanium may be necessary."
"This is especially important in seawater or brackish water cooling applications or in once-through systems." (Reference: API RP 571, Section 4.3.1.1 - Cooling Water Corrosion) Thus, the most effective long-term solution in cases of uncontrolled water quality is to upgrade metallurgy, making option C correct.
NEW QUESTION # 65
Dew point corrosion can occur if the metal temperature is below the dew point. The dew point of sulfuric acid is __________.
- A. 280(o) F
- B. 220(o) F
- C. 310(o) F
- D. 190(o) F
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 66
Most brittle failures appear as:
- A. Branched cracking.
- B. Ductile tears.
- C. Intergranular cracking.
- D. Cleavage.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 67
Nitriding of steels becomes most severe at temperatures above:
- A. 600°F (315°C)
- B. 900°F (480°C)
- C. 200°F (95°C)
- D. 500°F (260°C)
Answer: B
Explanation:
API RP 571 under Nitriding (Section 4.2.16):
"Nitriding occurs at elevated temperatures and is most severe at temperatures above 900°F (480°C)."
"This mechanism is associated with the reaction of ammonia or other nitrogen-containing compounds with the steel surface, leading to brittle nitride formation." Therefore, the correct answer is D.
NEW QUESTION # 68
MIC is often found in _________, bottom water of storage tanks, piping with stagnant or low flow and piping in contact with some soils.
- A. Heat exchangers
- B. Drums
- C. All of the above
- D. Vessels
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 69
___________ cooling water outlet temperatures and/or process side outlet temperatures tend to
__________ corrosion rates as well as fouling tendency.
- A. Increasing, decrease
- B. Decreasing, increase
- C. Increasing, increase
- D. Decreasing, decrease
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 70
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