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NEW QUESTION # 38
You have been assigned to perform a review on code provided below:
Which type of defect should you report as part of the code review?
- A. No defects should be reported, code is correct.
- B. Unreachable code
- C. Too many nested levels
- D. Endless loop
Answer: D
Explanation:
The code provided contains a potential endless loop. The loop is conditioned on the variable 'E' being less than
1 (IF E < 1), but within the loop, there is no operation that modifies the value of 'E'. Therefore, once the loop is entered, if the condition A > B holds true, the value of 'E' remains unchanged, leading to an endless loop situation. The decrement of 'A' in line 15 does not guarantee an exit condition for the loop, as it does not affect the value of 'E'. This is a control flow defect that could cause the program to hang or crash.
NEW QUESTION # 39
You are testing software that will be used in nuclear power plants. The particular piece of code you are testing has been classified as SIL 2. The following section of code falls under this classification:
If ((A > B) or (C > D)) and (E = F) then print A
Endif
Which of the following sets of test data would supply the minimum tests needed to achieve the "highly recommended" level of coverage?
- A. Set 5
- B. Set 3
- C. Set 2
- D. Set 1
Answer: D
Explanation:
In software testing, especially within contexts like nuclear power plants, achieving a "highly recommended" level of coverage often requires strategic test case selection to verify all logical conditions are accurately assessed. For the condition "If ((A > B) or (C > D)) and (E = F) then print A", the critical tests involve evaluating the boolean logic.
* Test Case Analysis: Test Set 1 is selected because it should ideally include scenarios where:
* Both conditions (A > B) and (C > D) are true, and (E = F) is true to ensure the print statement executes.
* One of the conditions (A > B) or (C > D) is false while the other is true, combined with (E = F) being true, to test the OR logic.
* Both conditions (A > B) and (C > D) are false with (E = F) being true, which should not trigger the print statement, testing the AND logic.
* Condition where (E != F), irrespective of other conditions, to confirm that the print statement does not execute.
NEW QUESTION # 40
In order to create a shareable testing service from server or network traffic log data, which of the following types of tool would you use?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. An integrated development environment
- B. a parallel development tool
- C. A service virtualization tool
- D. A hardware emulator
Answer: C
Explanation:
A service virtualization tool is used to simulate the behavior of specific components in heterogeneous component-based applications such as APIs, services, and third-party apps that are not readily accessible during development and testing stages. These tools help create stable, controllable, and predictable testing environments by mimicking the interactions with the missing components. This is particularly useful when dealing with server or network traffic log data to develop a shareable testing service that replicates the real systems' behavior without their actual implementations.
NEW QUESTION # 41
You are working on an internet banking project. Your company is offering this product to the financial market.
For each new customer, some customization will typically be needed. To make the product successful there is a strong focus during development on a reliable and maintainable architecture. To support architectural reviews, a checklist will be developed. Within the checklist specific sections will be attributed to reliability and maintainability.
Which question from the list below should you include in the maintainability section of the architectural review checklist?
- A. Will the system use n-version programming for critical components?
- B. Does the password protection of the system adhere to the latest regulations?
- C. Does the system have user-friendly error messages?
- D. Will the user interface be implemented independently from the other software modules?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the context of an internet banking project where reliability and maintainability are emphasized, a key factor for maintainability is the modularity of the system. Implementing the user interface independently from other software modules (answer B) can significantly enhance maintainability. This is because it allows changes to be made to the user interface without impacting the underlying business logic or data access layers, making the system more adaptable to change. This kind of separation of concerns is a recognized best practice in software design for maintainability. The other options (A, C, and D) relate more to reliability and security aspects than to maintainability.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which requirements engineering technique would BEST identify how different groups of users may interact with a system, helping to identify gaps and inconsistencies in a user story-' SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Storyboards
- B. Story Mapping
- C. Use Cases
- D. Personas
Answer: D
Explanation:
Personas are the best requirements engineering technique for identifying how different groups of users may interact with a system. This technique involves creating detailed profiles for fictional users that represent different user segments. By exploring these personas, developers and testers can uncover unique needs, behaviors, and potential gaps in the system's design and functionality .
NEW QUESTION # 43
You are involved in testing a system in the medical domain. Testing needs to comply with the FDA requirements and is rated as being safety critical. A product risk assessment has been performed and various mitigation actions have been identified. Reliability testing is one of the test types that needs to be performed throughout the development lifecycle.
Based on the information provided, which of the following activities would need to be addressed in the test plan?
- A. Perform a vulnerability scan.
- B. Testing whether the installation/de-installation can be completed.
- C. Design and execution of test cases for scalability.
- D. Design and execution of specific tests that evaluate the software's tolerance to faults in terms of handling unexpected input values.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the context of safety-critical systems, particularly in the medical domain, reliability is of utmost importance. For such systems, it is crucial to ensure that the software can handle unexpected input values and continue to operate without failure. This is essential to ensure patient safety and compliance with FDA requirements. Vulnerability scans (option A) are more related to security testing, whereas scalability (option C) and installation/de-installation (option D) are important but not specifically related to the reliability and safety criticality of the system in the medical domain.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following statements about performance testing tools is NOT correct?
- A. Performance testing tools typically drive the application by simulating user interaction at the graphical user interface level to more accurately measure response times.
- B. Significant factors to consider in the implementation of performance testing tools include the flexibility of the tool to allow different operational profiles to be easily implemented, and the hardware and network bandwidth required to generate the load.
- C. Typical metrics and reports provided by performance testing tools include the number of simulated users throughout the test, and the number and type of transactions generated by the simulated users, and the arrival rate of the transactions.
- D. Performance testing tools generate a load by simulating a large number of virtual users following their designated operational profiles to generate specific volumes of input data.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The statement about performance testing tools that is NOT correct is that they typically drive the application by simulating user interaction at the graphical user interface (GUI) level to more accurately measure response times. In practice, performance testing tools often simulate user interactions at a protocol or service level rather than the GUI level. This approach allows the tools to generate a high load by simulating many virtual users, which would be challenging to achieve with GUI-level interactions due to the higher resource consumption and slower execution speed associated with GUI automation.
Performance testing tools are designed to assess the performance of a system under a particular load and are not primarily focused on the user interface. They simulate multiple users accessing the system simultaneously, which helps in identifying bottlenecks, understanding the system's behavior under load, and determining how the system scales with increasing load. The tools typically simulate user requests to the server, bypassing the GUI to directly test the backend, APIs, or other service endpoints. This method allows for more efficient and scalable testing, enabling the simulation of thousands of users without the overhead of rendering the GUI.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Consider the pseudo code provided below:
Given the following tests, what additional test(s) (if any) would be needed in order to achieve 100% statement coverage, with the minimum number of tests?
Test 1: A = 7, B = 7, Expected output: 7
Test 2: A = 7, B = 5, Expected output: 5
- A. A=6, B=12, Expected output: Bingo! and A=7, B=9, Expected output: 7
- B. No additional test cases are needed to achieve 100% statement coverage.
- C. A=7, B=9, Expected output: 7
- D. A=6, B=12, Expected output: Bingo!
Answer: B
Explanation:
100% statement coverage means that every line of code is executed at least once during testing. Based on the provided pseudo-code and the test cases given:
* Test 1 executes the MIN = B statement when A and B are equal.
* Test 2 executes the MIN = A statement and skips the inner IF since B is not equal to 2*A.
All statements within the code have been executed by these two tests, hence no additional test cases are needed to achieve 100% statement coverage.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following is a reason for the Technical Test Analyst to take the time to prepare for a code review?
- A. Allows time to gather the test metrics for management review
- B. Allows the reviewer time to consider the Interaction of the item being reviewed with other items In the system
- C. Allows time to plan the design and implementation of the item being reviewed
- D. Allows time to prepare the test data
Answer: B
Explanation:
Preparing for a code review is essential for understanding how the specific item under review interacts with other system components. This preparation allows the reviewer to identify potential integration issues or dependencies that could affect system functionality or performance. Adequate preparation ensures that the review is thorough and considers the broader system context, which is critical for ensuring that the system operates cohesively and according to specifications.
NEW QUESTION # 47
You need to implement a Java class that validates a password entry field. The validation critena states that the password must:
1. be a minimum of 8 characters
2 contain at least one special character.
You are focusing on validation criterion 1 and have written a test class that checks that a 7 character password entry will fail validation.
You have written code designed to make this test class pass, however, on first execution of the test class it has failed What should you do next9 SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Refactor the failing code to improve its design and structure
- B. Repair the failing code and re-execute it for the test class
- C. Add code to cover special character validation criterion 2
- D. Develop a test class with a 9 character password containing one special character and re-execute the code
Answer: B
Explanation:
When a test class that validates a specific criterion (such as the minimum length of a password) fails, the immediate next step is to repair the failing code and re-execute the test. This approach adheres to the test-driven development (TDD) practices, where the cycle of writing a failing test, making it pass, and then refactoring is repeated. It ensures that each validation criterion is correctly implemented before moving on to additional functionalities or validations .
NEW QUESTION # 48
You are working for a company that has a product in the field that has reached its capacity. The system cannot handle any more users without a significant degradation in performance and a significant spike in resource requirements. As a result, your new product has strict requirements for performance efficiency and a specific growth requirement that is estimated for the next three years.
What type of testing should you conduct to make sure the future requirements will be met?
- A. Load testing
- B. Stress testing
- C. Time-behavior testing
- D. Scalability testing
Answer: D
Explanation:
For a product that has reached its capacity limits and requires testing to ensure it can handle projected growth, scalability testing is the most appropriate. Scalability testing evaluates a system's ability to manage an increasing workload without compromising performance or other operational capabilities. This type of testing will help confirm whether the system can handle the estimated increase in load, which is aligned with the strict performance efficiency and growth requirements for the next three years
NEW QUESTION # 49
You are defining the test approach for an Agile project release focused on significantly overhauling the user interface of a golf club's booking system. Additional features will allow more flexible bookings across three courses. These changes are driven by numerous customer complaints about the current system's confusing design and limited options. The release will consist of six two-week sprints.
Stakeholders have performed a risk assessment and consider the impact of system failure as high due to potential customer loss. A regression-averse strategy is recommended due to the extensive changes expected in screen design and functionality.
Which option below represents the BEST test approach for this release? Please use the following symbols consistently:
* + (highly recommended)
* (recommended)
* o (neutral/optional)
* * (not recommended)
* - (not to be used)
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
In addressing the scenario described in the question, the primary considerations for choosing a test approach include the focus on overhauling the user interface, adding new features, and addressing customer complaints in a high-risk environment due to potential customer loss. A regression-averse strategy is also highlighted as critical due to significant changes in design and functionality.
Option D (2) is marked with + for Exploratory Testing (manual) and for Black-box Testing, with Test Automation marked as not to be used (). This selection aligns best with the project's needs for several reasons:
* Exploratory Testing (Highly Recommended): This type of testing is crucial in Agile projects, especially when dealing with UI changes and new functionalities. Exploratory testing allows testers to interact with the system in ways that typical scripted testing may not cover, making it ideal for catching unforeseen issues in new interfaces and features.
* Black-box Testing (Recommended): This testing focuses on the functionality of the application without needing to understand the internal workings. Given the UI overhaul and feature additions, ensuring that the system behaves as expected from an end-user's perspective is necessary.
* Avoidance of Test Automation (Not to be Used): While automation is valuable, focusing primarily on manual testing techniques like exploratory testing is suggested for this specific release due to the extensive UI changes and the need for creative and intuitive testing approaches that adapt quickly to newly developed features.
By using Option D, the test approach supports the dynamic and user-focused nature of the release, addressing both the technical aspects of functionality and the user experience enhancements that are central to this overhaul .
NEW QUESTION # 50
Given the following pseudocode:
Program tax check
BEGIN
yearly := 0
tax := 0
get (monthly)
get (tax_rate)
for I = 1..12 loop
yearly := yearly + monthly
tax := tax - (tax_rate * monthly)
ENDLOOP
salary := monthly * 12
IF salary = yearly THEN
print ("Salary OK")
ELSE
print ("Salary not OK")
ENDIF
year_tax := salary * tax_rate
IF year_tax = tax THEN
print ("Tax Problem")
ENDIF
END tax check
If control flow analysis is performed on the pseudocode, which of the following results is MOST likely?
- A. Unreachable code at line 15
- B. Unreachable code at lines 15 and 19
- C. Unreachable code at line 19
- D. No unreachable code
Answer: C
Explanation:
Control flow analysis is a technique used to examine the sequence in which instructions or statements are executed within a program. In the given pseudocode, the key aspects to consider are the logical flow and any conditional branches that may lead to unreachable code.
The pseudocode provided is:
Program tax check
BEGIN
yearly := 0
tax := 0
get (monthly)
get (tax_rate)
for I = 1..12 loop
yearly := yearly + monthly
tax := tax - (tax_rate * monthly)
ENDLOOP
salary := monthly * 12
IF salary = yearly THEN
print ("Salary OK")
ELSE
print ("Salary not OK")
ENDIF
year_tax := salary * tax_rate
IF year_tax = tax THEN
print ("Tax Problem")
ENDIF
END tax check
Analysis:
* Initialization and Input:yearly and tax are initialized to 0. The program takes monthly and tax_rate as
* input.
* Loop Execution:The loop runs from 1 to 12, accumulating monthly into yearly and adjusting tax accordingly.
* Salary Calculation and Check:After the loop, salary is calculated as monthly * 12. The program then checks if salary is equal to yearly. Given the loop accumulates monthly into yearly 12 times, salary will always equal yearly, making the IF salary = yearly condition always true. Thus, the "Salary OK" message will always be printed, and the ELSE branch will never be executed.
* Yearly Tax Calculation and Check:year_tax is calculated as salary * tax_rate. Then, it checks if year_tax is equal to tax. However, due to the accumulation and subtraction inside the loop, tax would likely not equal year_tax, making the condition IF year_tax = tax false in most practical scenarios.
Therefore, the "Tax Problem" message at line 19 is unlikely to be printed.
Conclusion:
Given this flow, the ELSE block associated with the IF salary = yearly condition (line 15) is unreachable.
However, the critical analysis indicates that the code at line 19, which prints "Tax Problem", is also unreachable due to the logic flow where the condition is rarely true.
Thus, the result is that line 19 is more certainly unreachable.
NEW QUESTION # 51
How many test cases need to be designed to achieve 100% decision coverage in the following piece of pseudo-code which applies discount rates to hotel room bookings?
Read (Loyalty_level)
Read (Room_price)
IF (Room_price > 200)
IF (Loyalty_level = Platinum)
Discount_factor = 80%
ELSE
IF (Loyalty_level = Gold)
Discount_factor = 85%
ELSE
Discount_factor = 95%
ENDIF
ENDIF
ELSE
IF (Room_price > 150)
IF (Loyalty_level = Platinum)
Discount_factor = 85%
ELSE
Discount_factor = 95%
ENDIF
ELSE
Discount_factor = 100%
ENDIF
ENDIF
Room_price = Room_price * Discount_factor
IF (Discount_factor < 100%)
Show message "Congratulations - you have received a discount!"
ENDIF
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
To achieve 100% decision coverage, we need to ensure that every decision (if statement) in the code has been tested for both true and false outcomes. Let's analyze the code and count the decisions:
* IF (Room_price > 200)
* IF (Loyalty_level = Platinum) inside Room_price > 200
* ELSE within the same decision above
* IF (Loyalty_level = Gold) inside the ELSE of decision 2
* IF (Room_price > 150)
* IF (Loyalty_level = Platinum) inside Room_price > 150
* ELSE within the same decision above
* IF (Discount_factor < 100%)
To cover all these decisions, we need test cases for each possible combination:
* Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level = Platinum.
* Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level = Gold.
* Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level not Platinum or Gold.
* Room_price <= 200 and Room_price > 150, and Loyalty_level = Platinum.
* Room_price <= 200 and Room_price > 150, and Loyalty_level not Platinum.
* Room_price <= 150.
From these scenarios, we can see that the minimum number of test cases required to achieve 100% decision coverage is four:
* Test with Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level = Platinum (tests decision 1 true, 2 true, and 8 true).
* Test with Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level = Gold (tests decision 1 true, 2 false, 4 true, and 8 true).
* Test with Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level not Platinum or Gold (tests decision 1 true, 2 false, 4 false, and 8 true).
* Test with Room_price <= 200 and Room_price > 150, and Loyalty_level = Platinum (tests decision 1 false, 5 true, 6 true, and 8 true).
* Test with Room_price <= 200 and Room_price > 150, and Loyalty_level not Platinum (tests decision 1 false, 5 true, 6 false, and 8 true).
* Test with Room_price <= 150 (tests decision 1 false, 5 false, and 8 false).
Given that these six cases test all branches, four test cases are required to ensure that all decisions are covered at least once.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. 4.
NEW QUESTION # 52
Which of the following statements about Application Programming Interface (API) testing is TRUE?
- A. API testing cannot be applied to distributed systems
- B. Combinatorial testing cannot be applied to API testing
- C. API testing may require the use of specialized tools
- D. APIs are loosely coupled, so timing glitches will not happen
Answer: C
Explanation:
API testing involves testing the application programming interfaces directly and is often a critical part of integration testing. Here are the clarifications for each option:
* A. API testing cannot be applied to distributed systems: This is incorrect. API testing is commonly used in distributed systems to ensure that different components interact correctly.
* B. Combinatorial testing cannot be applied to API testing: This is incorrect. Combinatorial testing techniques can be very effective in API testing to cover various parameter combinations.
* C. API testing may require the use of specialized tools: This is true. API testing often involves tools like Postman, SoapUI, and others to facilitate sending requests and validating responses, which may not be feasible manually.
* D. APIs are loosely coupled, so timing glitches will not happen: This is incorrect. Even though APIs
* are designed to be loosely coupled, timing issues can still occur, especially in asynchronous operations and in systems where timing is critical.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. API testing may require the use of specialized tools.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which statement about test automation being applied to a reactive test approach, is CORRECT' SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. For projects that must comply with externally defined regulations, the automated tests and their results must be traceable back to requirements
- B. BDD can be used within a reactive testing approach by producing automated tests in parallel with the implementation of the user story
- C. An increase in automated test coverage can lead to a greater degree of exploratory testing addressing high risk areas
- D. Automation of test execution in exploratory test sessions can lead to increased efficiency and wider coverage of user stories
Answer: C
Explanation:
Increasing automated test coverage frees up valuable time for testers, allowing them to focus more on exploratory testing, particularly in high-risk areas. This approach leverages the efficiency of automation to handle routine, repeatable testing tasks, while human testers can focus their expertise on more complex, risk-prone areas that require creative and critical thinking .
NEW QUESTION # 54
An enhancement to a Social Media application allows for the creation of new Groups. Any number of existing application members can be added to a Group. An attempt to add a non-existent member of the application to a Group will result in an error, as will an attempt to add the same member twice. Members can be removed from an existing Group. An existing Group can be deleted but only if there are no current members attached to it.
Which one of the following Keyword-driven input tables provides the BEST test coverage of this enhancement?
Table 1
KeywordGroup IdMember Id
Create.GroupGroup3
Add_MemberGroup3@Member1
Add.MemberGroup3(a)Member2
Delete_GroupGroup3
Remove.MemberGroup3@Memberl
Remove_MemberGroup3@)Member2
Delete.GroupGroup3
Result
Group created
Member added to Group
Member added to Group
Error - Group not empty
Member removed from group
Member removed from group
Group deleted
Table 2
KeywordGroup IdMember IdResult
Create.GroupGrouplGroup created
Add.MemberGrouplMember4Error - member does not exist
Add.MemberGroupl(MemberlMember added to Group
Delete.GroupGrouplError - Group not empty
Remove_Member@Member 1Member removed from group
Delete.GroupGrouplGroup deleted
Table 3
KeywordGroup IdMember IdResult
Create.GroupGroup3Group created
Add.MemberGroup3Member9Error - member does not exist
Add.MemberGroup3(MemberlMember added to Group
Add_MemberGroup 3(MemberlError - member already in group
Delete.GroupGroup3Error - Group not empty
Remove-MemberGroups(Member 1Member removed from group
Delete.GroupGroupsGroup deleted
Table 4
KeywordGroup IdMember IdResult
Create.GroupGrouplGroup created
Add.MemberGroupl@Member3Member added to Group
Add.MemberGroupl@Member3Error - member already in group
Delete.GroupGrouplError - Group not empty
Remove.MemberGroupl@Member1Member removed from group
Delete.GroupGrouplGroup deleted
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Table 2
- B. Table 4
- C. Table 3
- D. Table 1
Answer: C
Explanation:
Table 3 provides the best test coverage for the described scenario, as it includes various key test conditions:
* Attempting to add a non-existent member, resulting in an error.
* Trying to add a member twice to the same group, leading to an error for duplicate entry.
* Removing a member from the group.
* Attempting to delete a group that is not empty, which correctly results in an error, and finally deleting a group when it is empty.
This table most comprehensively covers the functionalities and error handling specified in the enhancement details, effectively testing all scenarios including normal and exceptional behavior .
NEW QUESTION # 55
A major Caribbean bank typically develops their own banking software using an Agile methodology.
However, for some specific components COTS software is acquired and used. The bank does not want to create a dependency on any external COTS supplier.
As part of the test approach, portability testing will be performed. Which portability sub-characteristic is especially relevant for the Caribbean bank?
- A. Adaptability
- B. Replaceability
- C. Co-existence
- D. In stall ability
Answer: B
Explanation:
Portability testing is concerned with how well software can be transferred from one environment to another. In the context of a bank using COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software, the sub-characteristic of replaceability becomes particularly relevant. This is because the bank does not want to create a dependency on any external COTS supplier, meaning it should be able to replace the software with another product without significant effort or operational disruption. Replaceability ensures that if needed, the bank can switch to different software, thereby mitigating the risk of supplier dependency.
NEW QUESTION # 56
Consider the pseudo code for the Answer program:
Which of the following statements about the Answer program BEST describes the control flow anomalies to be found in the program?
- A. The Answer program contains no control flow anomalies.
- B. The Answer program contains unreachable code and an infinite loop.
- C. The Answer program contains unreachable code.
- D. The Answer program contains an infinite loop.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The provided pseudo code for the Answer program shows a WHILE loop that will always execute because the condition for the loop to terminate (a >= d) is never met within the loop's body. This results in an infinite loop.
Additionally, since the value of 'b' is initialized with 'a + 10' and 'a' starts from a value that is read and then set to 2, 'b' will never be equal to 12. Therefore, the 'THEN' branch of the IF statement, which includes 'print(b)', is unreachable. These are control flow anomalies because they represent logic in the code that will not function as presumably intended.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Which of the following statements is true regarding API and GUI testing?
- A. API testing usually tests Individual inputs rather than combinations whereas GUI testing usually tests combinations
- B. Negative testing is used primarily with GUI testing
- C. API testing usually requires the use of tools, whereas GUI testing usually does not
- D. In a service-oriented architecture. GUI testing is more important because of the need to verify the service supplied to the user
Answer: A
Explanation:
API testing tends to focus on individual inputs more than combinations of inputs. This is because APIs, as the intermediary layers of software, often handle specific types of data input and output rather than user interaction sequences. GUI testing, on the other hand, involves testing the interface with which the user interacts, which frequently includes testing various combinations of user inputs and sequences to simulate actual user scenarios. Thus, GUI testing typically requires checking the integration and behavior of elements in combination to ensure they work together as expected in a user environment .
NEW QUESTION # 58
Consider the simplified logic below for crediting money to a bank account.
Receive money and account number to be credited
IF account number is valid
IF customer account is active
Store current account balance as oldBalance
Credit money to account
IF oldBalance < zero
IF balance now >= zero
Set message "Overdraft cleared"
ELSE
Set message "A/c overdrawn"
ENDIF
ELSE
Set message = "You have more money"
ENDIF
IF account holder is VIP customer
Send message by email to customer
ENDIF
ELSE
Set message "A/c inactive"
Send message by email to supervisor
ENDIF
ELSE
Add 1 to count of invalid inputs
ENDIF
What percentage of decision testing coverage has been achieved by the following suite of test cases?
Test Case A - Account number valid, account is active, oldBalance = -100, balance now = +200, not a VIP customer Test Case B - Account number valid, account is active, oldBalance = -100, balance now = -50, is a VIP customer
- A. 70%
- B. 40%
- C. 60%
- D. 80%
Answer: C
Explanation:
To determine the percentage of decision testing coverage achieved by the given suite of test cases, we need to analyze the decisions and outcomes in the provided logic.
Detailed Analysis
* Identify all decisions in the logic:
* IF account number is valid
* IF customer account is active
* IF oldBalance < zero
* IF balance now >= zero
* IF account holder is VIP customer
* Calculate the number of unique decisions:
* There are 5 unique decision points in the logic.
* Determine the possible outcomes for each decision:
* IF account number is valid 2 outcomes (True, False)
* IF customer account is active 2 outcomes (True, False)
* IF oldBalance < zero 2 outcomes (True, False)
* IF balance now >= zero 2 outcomes (True, False)
* IF account holder is VIP customer 2 outcomes (True, False)
Test Cases Analysis
Test Case A
* Account number valid True
* Account is active True
* OldBalance = -100 True (less than zero)
* Balance now = +200 True (greater than zero)
* Not a VIP customer False
Test Case B
* Account number valid True
* Account is active True
* OldBalance = -100 True (less than zero)
* Balance now = -50 False (less than zero)
* Is a VIP customer True
Coverage Calculation
To calculate the decision coverage, we need to see how many of the possible outcomes are covered by the test cases:
* IF account number is valid (True in both A and B, False not tested)
* IF customer account is active (True in both A and B, False not tested)
* IF oldBalance < zero (True in both A and B, False not tested)
* IF balance now >= zero (True in A, False in B, both outcomes tested)
* IF account holder is VIP customer (False in A, True in B, both outcomes tested) Out of the 10 possible outcomes (2 for each decision), the given test cases cover 6 outcomes:
* Account number valid True
* Account number valid False (not covered)
* Customer account active True
* Customer account active False (not covered)
* OldBalance < zero True
* OldBalance < zero False (not covered)
* Balance now >= zero True
* Balance now >= zero False
* Account holder is VIP True
* Account holder is VIP False
Thus, 6 out of the 10 outcomes are covered by the test cases, giving us a decision coverage percentage of:
Decision Coverage=(610)×100%=60%\text{Decision Coverage} = \left(\frac{6}{10}\right) \times 100\% =
60\%Decision Coverage=(106)×100%=60%
References:
* The sample questions and answers provided in the ISTQB CTAL-TTA documentation confirm this calculation method and the expected coverage percentage for similar logical scenarios.
NEW QUESTION # 59
A software company based in Spain that develops mobile applications expects many small updates in the future, e.g., due to changing configurations and customer feedback. The company also wants to focus on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects.
Which maintainability sub-characteristic should be covered by the test approach during the initial development?
- A. Modularity
- B. Re-usability
- C. Analysability
- D. Modifiability
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the context of a software company in Spain developing mobile applications with an expectation of many small updates due to changing configurations and customer feedback, focusing on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects is crucial. The maintainability sub-characteristic that should be covered by the test approach during the initial development is Modifiability.
Modifiability refers to the ease with which a software product can be modified to correct faults, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment. In a scenario where frequent and small updates are anticipated, ensuring that the software architecture and design support easy modification is vital.
This not only aids in implementing changes more rapidly but also helps in maintaining the stability and integrity of the application, thereby preventing the introduction of new defects. The focus on modifiability ensures that the software remains responsive to customer feedback and evolving requirements without compromising on quality or performance.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Consider the following specification:
If you are flying with an economy ticket, there is a possibility that you may get upgraded to business class, especially if you hold a gold card in the airline's frequent flier program. If you don't hold a gold card, there is a possibility that you will get 'bumped' off the flight if it is full when you check in late.
This is shown in the control flow graph below. Note that each box (i.e., statement, decision) has been numbered.
Three tests have been run:
Test 1: Gold card holder who gets upgraded to business class
Test 2: Non-gold card holder who stays in economy
Test 3: A person who is bumped from the flight
What is the level of decision coverage achieved by these three tests?
- A. 75%
- B. 67%
- C. 60%
- D. 80%
Answer: B
Explanation:
The control flow graph provided illustrates the decision points for an airline's upgrade and boarding process. Decision coverage is a measure of the percentage of decision points executed during testing:
Test 1 covers the decision points: Gold card? (Yes) and Business full? (No).
Test 2 covers: Gold card? (No) and Economy full? (No).
Test 3 covers the decision that leads to being bumped from the flight, which is Economy full? (Yes) and Business full? (Yes).
From the given tests, the decision points for Gold card? (No) and Business full? (No) are not tested, leaving us with 4 out of 6 decision points covered, which is approximately 67% decision coverage.
NEW QUESTION # 61
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